Raoul Wallenberg - The Holocaust Rescuer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Raoul Wallenberg - The Holocaust Rescuer - Essay Example He abhorred seeing chasing and murdering of creatures only for amusement and game (Handler, 1996). As a juvenile Wallenberg went far and wide and picked up capability in English, German, Russian and French in addition to his local Swedish. He went to the University of Michigan for a long time where he took up design. In the wake of completing his degree he apprenticed in a Dutch bank situated in Haifa, Palestine. All through his a half year working in Palestine, he met Jews who fortunately escaped from Nazi Germany. The distraught, twisted, and terrible stories they describe to him shocked and significantly influenced him not simply in view of his sympathetic nature, but since his extraordinary incredible granddad was a Jew (Handler, 1996). At the point when he returned to Sweden in 1936 he wanted to work in the control of design, then again, actually his American engineering didn't meet the measures for such calling in Sweden. Henceforth over the resulting years he submitted himself in various undertakings. He was employed in 1941 as the outside agent for a Central European Trading Company situated in Hungary. Hungary turned into a teammate of Germany in 1939 on the grounds that the Americans neglected to save the sad and chaste Jews who were abused under the Nazi system. Consequently Sweden assented to send a unique delegate whose lone target is spare the Jews from the abhorrent grasps of the Nazis. For this strategic Swedish individuals picked Raoul Wallenberg for the explanation that he communicated in German capably and grasp the methods of the Nazis (Tokudome, 1999). Wallenberg detected that various Hungarian and German specialists were beginning to be troubled of post war reprisal for the deplorable violations they did to the Jews. He made the most of this chance and promptly got the Hungarian and German specialists to reevaluate their choices and activities through empowering them with scares and

“A Scientific Romance” Essay -- Literature Review

Numerous individuals wish they could change past choices to improve their current lives. Ronald Wright’s â€Å"A Scientific Romance† talks about different topics that build up his character’s enthusiastic and mental states. One of the principle topics of this novel is time travel since it impacts the primary character, David Lambert. David’s narrow minded nature is lit up as the novel advances since his intentions are to change the past to turn out to be in support of him. In spite of the fact that David’s intensions for voyaging time appear to be steadfast and commendable on a superficial level, his actual intensions are narrow minded in light of the fact that David’s thought processes in time travel just advantage himself. He totally dismisses others’ sentiments and will not acknowledge an existence without Anita: the lady who doesn't cherish him back. He is manipulative on the grounds that he needs to return so as to a point where s he cherished him. Despite the fact that he knows her actual sentiments, his impetus is to control her future to incorporate him. David’s excursion to what's to come is enveloped with regret since he feels answerable for the passing of his family and his adored one. Be that as it may, David feels time travel will modify his life for the better since he feels the ability to change results and occasions. In spite of the fact that David figures these results will exercise in support of him, the creator lights up his own conviction :results are outside human ability to control. In spite of the fact that he attempts to play the move of God, David neglects to acknowledge altering his perspectives in the past may not actually change an amazing result because of numerous components, for example, others’ ominous reactions to his changed choices. David ventures out time to endeavor to control an amazing result to turn out to be in support of him and recover the lives he feels ans werable for losing; in any case, time travel can't change the pe... ...m. The creator demonstrates the past can't be changed on the grounds that the novel doesn't have an upbeat closure. David resorts to time travel as an answer for his present circumstance since he wishes to recapture his friends and family he feels liable for losing. David is narrow minded in light of the fact that he wishes to venture out back so as to change his mix-ups and adjust a mind-blowing result to wok out in support of him. He feels liable for the demise of his affection Anita, and the passings of his folks in view of his activity. He feels time travel will change the result of occasions, which will improve his life at long last, however he doesn’t consider the way that it may be the individual doing the activities and not simply the occasions. Time travel isn't the ideal answer for David, since he would be in an ideal situation understanding the errors that he made and gaining from them so as to carry on with a superior life.

A Personal History In Trans Lit

A Personal History In Trans Lit LUNA It’s eighth grade and I can’t stop reading this slim YA novel. After enough reminders from the school librarian, I return their copy and special order my own copy from the bookstore/café I work at. There are some books I reread because I’m a depressed teenager who finds a semblance of sanity in returning to her favorite books but I don’t even particularly like Luna. I think the narrator is bratty. (I do like how much opera she listens to because I don’t know anyone else my age who likes opera.) Luna comes off as selfish and flat, I don’t even enjoy the author’s use of language, and yet I can’t stay away from this book.   There’s something in it, something familiar that I’ve never felt before and it terrifies me. Each time I read the novel the pain inflicted upon Luna feels real, sometimes realer than my own. Even though this book hurts me I keep rereading it because finally I know a girl like me. I can’t put that into words yet, I’m still telling myself I’m a boy, but buried deep inside me is the knowledge that I’m a girl and now I know that I’m not alone. FINDING THE REAL ME I’m fourteen, at summer camp, and I’m having a hard time being a boy. In our workshops about gender as a social construct I find myself lying about how comfortable I am in my “male” identity to cover up the fact that I actually loathe every minute of it. One of the counselors sees something in me and very casually gives me this anthology of personal essays from a wide variety of trans people. Just like Luna I find myself reading and rereading it in a way that might border on obsessive. The glossary is full of foreign words and I read it out loud but under my breath, each word (ze, mtf, cisgender) sounding like the spells from my favorite fantasy stories. Among the contributors there is such a wide variety of identities, pronouns, and experiences that I become disoriented as I try to take everything in. There’s so much pain and heartbreak in these essays but there’s even more joy and hope and strength and happiness. This is new to me, the trans stories I’m used to are the ones from television shows like CSI or Law and Order which always involve us on a slab in some morgue, even Luna ends right as she begins to experiences any real happiness. For the first time in my life I know that there are trans stories out there that aren’t full of suffering and for some reason I find this immensely comforting. NEVADA “What do you mean you haven’t read Nevada?” I don’t appreciate the tone in my friend’s voice, like most of their recommendations this comes with an element of Cool Kid mentoring the school’s Nerdy Girl, an element of Read THIS If You’re The Right Kind Of Trans, but their recommendations usually end up being solid so I let it slide and borrow their copy. I’m almost 21, in my first year of my second college, and while I’m openly identifying as a nonbinary trans person I know that for me I’m just gathering my courage to say that I’m a woman. Nevada becomes an escape from my mess of a life, a submersion into a fictional world whose main character’s life is such a shit-show that she makes me look like I’m put together. Maria Griffiths is an irresponsible mess I want to give a stern talking to and yet it’s her story that begins to give me the space to come out. This is the first fiction piece about a trans woman I’ve read that doesn’t focus on her com ing out, doesn’t waste pages talking about medical procedures that I can’t afford, doesn’t try to educate me. Instead for the first time I’m reading a book about a trans woman bicycling in Brooklyn while drunk and kind of stealing a car and just living her life and for the first time I can begin to see a life for me.

Effectiveness in Tendering Process - 4083 Words

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION * Background Of The Study Tendering is a procurement Procedure whereby potential suppliers are invited to make a firm and unequivocal offer on the price and terms on which they will supply specified goods and/or services, which on acceptance shall be the basis of a subsequent contract. (Lysons and Farrington, 2006). Tendering is based on the principles of competition, fairness and accessibility, transparency, openness and probity. Generally, Public entities the world over are subjected to open tendering by law so as to prevent fraud, waste corruption or local protectionism. (Global trade negotiations, 18th December 2006). The law guiding Kenyan public entities choice of procurement procedures is the Public†¦show more content†¦1.2 Purpose Of The Study The purpose of the study, in relation to the above and other problems (Refer to sec 1.1), brought about by the price clause during evaluation of tenders was to come up with alternative ways of evaluating tenders and in the choice of public procurement procedures so as to take into account the interest of all stakeholders’, to enable better strategic procurement management, supplier motivation, local protectionism, among other public procurement objectives. 1.3 Objectives of the study 1.4.1 General Objective The general objective of the study is to determine whether price should be used as the evaluation tool during tendering in public entities. 1.4.2 Specific Research Objectives a) To find out why open tendering is the choice of procurement procedure for public entities. b) To determine the justifications for using the lowest evaluated price as the most important tool in evaluation of tenders. c) To find out the limitations of using the lowest evaluated price as the most important tool during the evaluation of tenders. d) To make Specific recommendations on alternative choice of evaluating tenders in public entity procurement. 1.4 Research Questions This research was guided by theShow MoreRelatedEFFECTIVENESS OF OPEN COMPETITIVE TENDERING AS A PROCUREMENT METHOD IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR4653 Words   |  19 PagesINSTITUTE OF ACCOUNTANCY ARUSHA [IAA] RESEARCH PROPOSAL ON EFFECTIVENESS OF OPEN COMPETITIVE TENDERING AS A PROCUREMENT METHOD IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR. CASE STUDY OF MINISTRY OF INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT HEAD OFFICE- DAR-ES-SALAAM PREPARED BY: ROGERS KALINEZA SUPERVISOR: KIMARO, E POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN PROCUREMENT AND LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT (PGDPLM) 2011/2012 A RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE INSTITUTE OF ACCOUNTANCY ARUSHA AS PARTIAL FULFULMENT OF AN AWARD OF POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMARead MoreThe Implementation Of Refurbishing Buildings1856 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction The process of refurbishing buildings can be a lengthy and complex procedure. The outline of tasks and stages that have to be completed during project and when the building will be in use is presented below. This is a simple diagram of RIBA Plan of Work 2013 – bespoke planning tool used in the industry – full version is available in the Appendix 1. (RIBA, 2013a. p.16) Before we proceed with refurbishment planning I will have to carry out necessary surveys. Measurement – to assessRead More1.6:Challenges Of Procurement Practices . Soriede (2002)1609 Words   |  7 Pagesconducted to assess the authenticity of the demand. The pre-bidding stage all ought to be monitored to ensure that miscreants did not have their way with the process. Opening of bid document also demand ME exercises to ensure that nepotism and its concomitant of favoritism do not disrupt the fairness of the exercise. The contract award process, the initial mobilization by the contractor all requires monitoring. Project implementation should be monitored and evaluated to ensure that target levels areRead MorePakistan Procurement Of Ict Goods And Services Essay1588 Words   |  7 Pagessuppliers, it is in power to control and dominate over the growth of the ICT industry around Australia. In the past decade, the NSW Government has made changes to the ICT procurement policy to p rovide a more predictable and simplified procurement process. The ICT Strategic Plan In 2007, the strategic plan named â€Å"People’s First- A new direction of ICT in NSW† was developed by the Government Chief Information Office and NSW Government CIO Executive Council. The Plan included the Government’s prioritiesRead MoreThe Procurement Of Ict Goods And Services Essay1642 Words   |  7 Pagessuppliers, it is in power to control and dominate over the growth of the ICT industry around Australia. In the past decade, the NSW Government has made changes to the ICT procurement policy to provide a more predictable and simplified procurement process. The ICT Strategic Plan In 2007, the strategic plan named â€Å"People’s First- A new direction of ICT in NSW† was developed by the Government Chief Information Office and NSW Government CIO Executive Council. The Plan included the Government’s prioritiesRead MoreThe Quality Factor Of E Procurement Implementation Essay1299 Words   |  6 PagesChain of Hotel. This paper lead to identify role of procurement, converted into advance technology to enhance productivity and effectiveness of business. This examination adopted by descriptive approach consequently, gathered information from 112 employees of procurement division. In the resultant discovered positive relationship between procurement activities and E-tendering, which is fundamental driver to enhance performance at Sarova Chain of Hotel? Recommended that Sarova hotel should take initiativeRead MoreWhy Is It Important? How They Can Become More Effective Going Forward?973 Words   |  4 Pagesqualifications – more failures ma kes this more likely to be brought in.† Clearly, from the auditor’s point of view, increasing regulation is not the way forward. This approach has always been taken in the past, and whilst it has helped improve the effectiveness of ACs, it is not the best method. Regulators need to consider other ways they can help; the implementation of a best practice guide to help engrain processes within a business could be more effective than regulation. Besides regulation, improvingRead MoreCommercial Analysis Forecasting Management Project Accounting Management1511 Words   |  7 Pagesbases globally and managing activities in some of the world’s largest ports. The Australasian operations were established in 2009 and services major clients such as Shell BP, with 148+ staff. †¢ Support the CFO in identifying and leading cost and process improvement strategies, whilst taking on further responsibility for monthly and financial reporting as part of the ASCO Australasia Management Report. †¢ Partner with the operational team in cost management, decision support, PL and budget objectivesRead MoreA Brief Note On The Construction Of New Homes Essay2220 Words   |  9 Pagesfit for purpose †¢ Were remedial issues dealt with the minimum of disruption These quality based measures were useful in measuring supplier performance and capability thus giving a credible means in the selection process of suppliers to use. JHHB however, neglected to measure the effectiveness in improvements due partly, to the small size of the business which had moved its focus and resource towards increasing sales rather than further development resource. The challenge faced when working with aRead MoreBusiness Activities And Trade Considerations2042 Words   |  9 Pagesdisadvantage is that suppliers/ have to be reliable otherwise components may not be delivered in time for production, this creates waste as time and money is lost on production as employees further along the production line have to wait for the other process to be completed As a large company Rolls Royce are able to contract out certain work. Companies can bid for formal tenders which then Rolls Royce can evaluate on price and quality. Rolls Royce for example established a firm infrastructure to improve

Future of the Juvenile Justice System - 1280 Words

Future of the Juvenile Justice System The future of the juvenile justice system is uncertain. There is a struggle to try a find a way to serve the needs of the juvenile delinquents and issue them a punishment for violating the law. In order to improve the direction of the juvenile justice system, recommendations are needed regarding community involvement, law enforcement, courts, corrections, and the private sector. These recommendations address issues that the system is currently facing and offers solutions for the future. A justification of the system is also offered based on the histories, trends and causation theories. Community Involvement Community involvement is an important aspect of the juvenile justice system. Police form†¦show more content†¦523). Justification and Funding for the Juvenile Justice System The juvenile justice system was founded on the belief that children are different from adults; therefore, the justice system and corrections sanctions for juveniles should acknowledge the differences. â€Å"Rising juvenile crime rates during the 1970s and 1980s spurred state legislatures across the country to exclude or transfer a significant share of offenders under the age of eighteen to the jurisdiction of the criminal court† (Fagan, 2008). The acknowledgement of these differences should be the bases for a proper juvenile justice system. The examination of the juvenile justice’s systems history, trends, and causation theories will provide an insight into the future of the juvenile justice system. History The juvenile justice system is a system that evolves with society focusing on the welfare of the child, and the protection to the community. The history of the modern juvenile justice system began with the English common law. The common law specified an age limit on when a child could begin to be held accountable for criminal acts, which placed the age limit at seven (Champion, 2010). Although an age limit was placed on offenders, during the 1700s criminal offenders were treated in the same manner, which could include banishment, whippings, and other corporal punishments for offenders over theShow MoreRelatedFuture of the Juvenile Justice System Proposal2603 Words   |  11 PagesFuture of the Juvenile Justice System Proposal Gina Tompkins, Marcus Hall, Terri Washington, Victor Jones CJA 374 November 24, 2013 Bruce Clingan Future of the Juvenile Justice System Proposal The juvenile justice system is designed to correct and change the behavior of juvenile offenders. Change in behavior is an indication the system is working. If there is no change, the system is deemed ineffective and a team of juvenile justice consultants are called in to make corrections. In realityRead MoreJuvenile Justice System : Past, Present, And Future2137 Words   |  9 PagesJuvenile Justice System; Past, Present, and Future The juvenile system in the United States has a long history but varies from state to state. â€Å"It started around 170 years ago, with the opening of Massachusetts’ Lyman School for Boys in 1846 (Miller, 1991), American reformers began experimenting with a â€Å"new† approach to troubled youth† according to Patrick McCarthy author of the article â€Å"The Future of Youth Justice: A Community-Based Alternative to the Youth Prison Model†. The juvenile justice systemRead MoreModification Of The Juvenile Justice System And The Affect On The Future Of Our Youth1814 Words   |  8 Pages Modification in the Juvenile Justice System and the Affect on the Future of our Youth Michelle Fleeton Auburn University at Montgomery Abstract The Juvenile Justice System (JJS) has transformed tremendously over the last 300 years. From adolescents and adults being charged with the same brutality, to the introduction of rehabilitation and diversion programs. As time went on and new political policies were brought forward in the courts, the crime rates fluctuated until the late 1900s and withRead MoreThe Youth Through Prevention And Detection, Rehabilitation, And Establishing A Future For Juvenile Justice System Essay1428 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Juveniles navigate through a corrections system that is constantly changing. This research paper is dedicated to those that work with the youth through prevention and detection, rehabilitation, and establishing a future for juvenile justice. I will be focusing on what causes youth to become involved in the juvenile justice system, how we can help them get back on track and how to keep them moving forward in the right direction. In addition, the rehabilitation of the juveniles is fundamentalRead MoreJust Mercy Essays : Juveniles Being Tried As Adults1407 Words   |  6 PagesIn Contrast to Bryan Stevenson’s â€Å"Just Mercy† stories of juveniles being tried as adults, Jason Zeidenberg in the article â€Å"The Risks Juveniles Face When They Are Incarcerated with Adults† strongly emphasizes the dangers and consequences that juveniles face when they are tried as adults. Zeidenberg states the consequences of juveniles being raped, assaulted, committing suicide and th e effects of being victimized. Children who are housed in the same facility as Adults is not a good idea nor a goodRead MoreChallenges for the Juvenile Justice System1067 Words   |  5 PagesChallenges for the Juvenile Justice System It has been one hundred years since the creation of the juvenile court in the United States. The court and the juvenile justice system has made some positive changes in the lives of millions of young people lives over the course or those years, within the last thirteen years there has been some daunting challenges in the system. According to Bartollas Miller (2008) the challenges and unique issues the juvenile justice system face in the 21stRead MoreJuvenile And Juvenile Justice System752 Words   |  4 PagesThe juvenile justice system and criminal justice system also known as the adult justice system is two different systems. The juvenile justice system is children who are under the age of 18 years old. After the age of 18, it is considered to be an adult it will enter through the adult justice system. There ate states that allows youth to stay in the juvenile justice system from age 18 until 21. The main differences between the juvenile justice system and criminal justice system is rehabilitation andRead MoreComment On The Juvenile Justice System943 Words   |  4 Pagesincreased punitiveness in juvenile justice. When is it appropriate to have cases involving murder or rape be heard in juvenile courts, and when should they be heard in adult court? Please be specific. It has been understood by society that juveniles have been committing more serious crimes while the juvenile justice system had also become lenient with juvenile offenders. They were only getting a ‘slap on the risk’ as some members of society interpreted it, by the juvenile justice. This therefore led toRead MoreThe Effects Of Incarceration On The Social Of African American Juveniles1487 Words   |  6 PagesDisciplinary changes applied to the juvenile justice system in addition to negative impressions of juvenile males have caused juvenile male incarceration rates to surge. African American male juveniles encounter racial differences in society everyday due to view that media portrays them to be. Racial bias amongst these juvenile African American males is the principal cause of their incarceration rates climbing higher each year. The lives of these juveniles are seriously altered after being incarceratedRead MoreStatus Offenders, Dependent and Neglected Youths, an d Juvenile Victimizations1872 Words   |  7 PagesStatus Offenders, Dependent and Neglected Youths, and Juvenile Victimizations: As they come into contact with the juvenile justice system different, delinquent youths are treated differently in this system. Notably, the jurisdiction of this system and its courts also extends to non-delinquent youths like dependent and neglected youths, and status offenders. However, non-delinquents are not only viewed differently but they are also treated separately from delinquents. In most cases, non-delinquents

Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology Free Essays

Thermal radiation also known as infrared which is a form of light that can not be seen, we can only see visible light. Infrared gives us information that we would not be able to get from visible light. Because all object gives off some type of heat, yes, all objects even if the of cold or frozen. We will write a custom essay sample on Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cold or frozen objects only gives off a very small amount of heat, but this heat can be detected by infrared. We can you use infrared to gather information about the heat and temperature an object has. Anything that has a temperature whether it is cold or hot will give off will give off infrared light or heat. When looking at these objects the hotter they are the brighter they are. The less bright they appear they cooler the object is. For example if you used infrared to look at a cold or frozen object you would notice the object does not appear bright at all, but the further away from that object you move it will start to get brighter because the area is warmer than the object. The opposite is true for a hotter object the further you move from the heat the less bright the area appears. It was discovered in an 1800 experiment by William Herschel, the same astronomer that discovered Uranus. He used a cut-glass object to separate the sunlight into a spectrum of colors. While taking the temperature of the visual colors, he noticed when he placed the thermometer bulb just beyond the red colors the temperature would raise, this was the birth of thermal radiation. There are types of radiations in the electromagnetic spectrum, a lot of which we can not see. The little portion that we can see is called light. This spectrum is identified by either short or long wavelength, infrared is non-ionizing radiation found in the long wavelength between microwaves and visible light. Infrared radiation (IR) has wavelengths ranging from 780 nm to 1 mm. Following the classification by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE), this band is subdivided into IRA (from 780 nm to 1. 4 ?m), IRB (from 1. 4 ?m to 3 ?m) and IRC (from 3 ?m to 1 mm). This subdivision approximately follows the wavelength-dependent absorption characteristics of IR in tissue and the resulting different biologica l effects (Matthes Stellman, 2011). † Infrared is being used by the government, private industry, and some research activities. The fire department uses infrared or thermal imaging to see through smoke during fires to help find personnel that may injured or trapped in the fire and find hot spots after a fire has been put out. The military uses it to help support in night surveillance and missions. The police department uses it for ground and aerial search, for example a thief hiding or running from the police at night The workplace is host to a variety of IR hazards, including both short-and long-term exposures that represent real health risks. Examples of operations that produce infrared radiation include welding, cutting, brazing, furnace operations, pouring, casting, hot dipping, glassblowing, lasers and high-intensity light sources (Sankpill, 2009)†. Working in the sun can cause sunburn from the rays of the sun. Infrared exposure has been know to cause cataracts. Two occupations that are most know for this is glass-blowers and furnace operators. Infrared exposure can also cause a loss of site. When it absorb in the eye, the area of the retina is damaged which cause you to loss site in that area. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) guideline for IR-A exposure of the anterior of the eye is a time-weighted total irradiance of 100watts per square meter for exposure durations exceeding 1,000 seconds (ACGIH 1992 and 1995) (Sankpill, 2009)†. All employees should try and engineer these hazards out or find a way to protect the employees by shielding them from the hazards. If this is unable to be accomplished then personal protective equipment (PPE) should be used as a last result. OSHA has stet standards to protect the worker from these hazards: 29 CFR 1926. 102(b)(1) for construction, 29 CFR 1910. 133(a)(5) for general industry, and 29 CFR1910. 153(a)(4( for maritime industry. There is a variety of protective eyewear that is coated with a IR-absorbing lenses that are shade at different level depending on the job being conducted. You can buy them in either: goggles, glasses, or face shields. Be sure not confuse tinted lenses with the protected shaded lenses. Also due to the new technologies plastic and polycarbonate lenses have been developed to absorb infrared across the entire lens at a consistent level. â€Å"Concerns have been raised about a possible link between some types of non-ionizing radiation and cancer. The way in which it might do this isn’t clear. Non-ionizing radiation doesn’t damage DNA directly, but it may be able to affect cells in other ways. The possible links between some of types of non-ionizing radiation and cancer are discussed below. But at this time, non-ionizing radiation has not been established as being able to cause cancer† (Society, 2010). In conclusion, infrared there are still a mixed opinions about the effect it has on the body. So it is best as always to take the proper steps to keep you safe. That means wearing the proper personal protective equipment when it is required. Also if you have to work with or around infrared you should always take it a pond yourself to learn the limitations of any type of radiations so that you will know how to protect yourself. Reference Page Matthes, R., Stellman, J. M. (2011). Infrared Radiation. Retrieved May 25, 2013, from ILO Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health Safety: http://www.ilo.org/oshenc/part-vi/radiation-non-ionizing/item/654-infrared-radiation Sankpill, J. P. (2009, October). U.S. Safety. Retrieved May 28, 2013, from U.S. Safety Web site: http://www.ussafety.com/media_vault/documents/1258397660.pdf Society, A. C. (2010, March 29). Radiation Exposure and Cancer. Retrieved May 28, 2013, from American Cancer Society web site: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/othercarcinogens/medicaltreatments/radiation-exposure-and-cancer How to cite Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Papers

Research Proposal on Vanet Essay Example

Research Proposal on Vanet Essay Vanet or a vehicular ad hoc network is the special network which is created with the help of using automobiles as the mobile nodes. It is the form of the wireless network which can be very popular nowadays, because it provides drivers with the opportunity to get the constant access to the network and exchange the informative with other cars possessing this function. In comparison with the standard mobile Internet Vanet is a dynamic network which exists among the cars in the diameter of 100 and 300 metres. If the car enters the area of the network functioning, it will have the access to the Internet. All the latest models of Toyota, BMW, Ford and General Motors are equipped with Vanet network and the owners of such automobiles have the constant access to the Internet. The Vanet technology resembles Wi-Fi and functions according to the same principle. The experts have decided to make their automobiles â€Å"smarter† and enabled them to interact with numerous wireless technologies. The technology of Vanet is extremely useful in a big city, where the density of traffic is so high, that the driver and all the passengers of the car will have the constant quality connection to the Internet, because the frequency of the passing by cars with the same function is very high. Of course, the village voyages will not be quite positive concerning the access to the network and this technology is supposed to be useless there. In our rapid information society the decision of the creation of the automobile network is quite wise and it has its strong pluses in the big cities. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Vanet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Vanet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Vanet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Vanet is the right topic for every student who is interested in the brand new technologies, especially the types of the latest information technologies and the Internet. One is able to pay attention to the structure and elements of Vanet, the manner of its functioning and its usage of practice. The student should be aware about the advantages and disadvantages of the network system in order to manage to analyze the issue well. The student can try to find the interesting research approach towards the problem and present the useful methods of the research of the technology of Vanet and its use on practice. It is not a secret that every student requires a quality piece of advice about writing and a free example research proposal on Vanet prepared by the well-educated writer online can be quite helpful for every inexperienced student. The young person can borrow several approaches towards writing from a free sample research proposal on Vanet composed by the certified and professional writers who can be called the experts in this issue. At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research proposal on Vanet topics. Your proposal will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated PhD and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research proposal help at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all proposal details: Enjoy our professional research proposal writing service!

Corruption In Nigeria

Corruption In Nigeria Free Online Research Papers Corruption in Nigeria has been a great deal for the past couple of years. Reasons for corruption in many â€Å"Less Economically Developed Countries† has been described to be because â€Å"those who pay and receive bribes so they can expropriate the nation’s wealth, leaving little for its poorest citizen† (Agba 23). Other author such as Khan sees corruption as â€Å"behaviour which deviates from the formal rules of conducts governing the actions of someone in a position of†¦..authority because of private regarding motives such as wealth, power or status† (23). On the other hand, World Bank labels it as â€Å"the abuse of public power for private benefits† (24). No matter the way it has been characterized, I believe is an act of selfishness, greed and being heartless to the less fortunate of the society. The high growing corruption rate in Nigeria is caused by the dishonest leaders; this brings about the growth of poverty, corruption and ethnic ity (tribalism) in the country. Nigeria is suffering from corruption in virtually all the sectors controlled by the government, including the educational sector, political sector and many more. But the on non-government concerning way of corruption that is causing heaps of trouble is email scams. This sort of corruption falls under the category of poverty in the nation. â€Å"Email proposing an â€Å"urgent business relationship† help make fraud Nigeria’s largest source of foreign revenue after oil† (Smith 53). This has caused bad name for the country, â€Å"Corruption is widespread in Nigeria that all its citizens call it simply â€Å"the Nigerian factor. (57)† â€Å"†¦ the primary mode of illegitimate corruption in Nigeria is 419† (6). In another aspect, Nigeria faces a lot of fuel problems, some Nigerians actually believe that â€Å" to ordinary Nigerians, the country’s frequent fuel shortages – in spite of the fact that Nigeria is the largest oil producer in Africa – are an egregious examples of the consequences of corruption† (62). Nigeria is among the top producers of petrol in Africa; but it is discouraging that even after the huge amount of petrol the country produces; we still end up importing billions of dollars worth of petrol. Corruption has been part of the problems in Nigeria for quite a while now. Many efforts have been made by previous government to put a stop to it. Various, organisation or commissions were formed, an example of the action taken in order to limit corruption is â€Å"The purge of Corruption officials in the civil service in 1975 by the Murtala Mohammed Administration†, or â€Å"The establishment of the code of Bureau for Public Officers;† or â€Å"The numerous probe panels established by Sani Abacha† (Agba 19), but the most recent and most active one(in Nigeria) is the establishment of the EFCC(2004). Professor Ben Nwabueze, describes the EFCC as â€Å"†¦one of the most monstrous instruments of personal power employed by President Obasanjo in the service of his lawless state. The lawlessness of the commission has two aspects – the illegality (i.e. the unconstitutionality) of its powers or many of them under its constituent statue, the EFCC (Establishme nt) Act 2004, and illegality of its actions taken purportedly pursuant to, but which are not within its illegal powers;†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Okoi- Uyouyo 43). One of the many reasons that helped to emphasize the creation of the EFCC was â€Å"the act of the 2000 Corruption Perception Index (CPI), Nigeria was ranked 90th out of 90 in terms of being a corrupt nation, with The CPI score of 1.2 out of 10.00.† (47). This was heartbreaking to so many Nigerians, but this was not a shock. The EFCC was created help get rid of bribery and corruption in the government. Nuhu Ribadu (Former Chairman of the EFCC), expanded during the launching of EFCC’s â€Å"Fix Nigeria Initiative† that from the 46 years that Nigeria got her independence, a huge sum of $220 billion (about 65trillion Naira) has been stolen by the Past Nigerian Leaders (Okoi- Uyouyo 45). Knowing about this made the EFCC add more effort to see that corrupt was put to stop†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"agencies and institutions such as police, customs and the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency were recognised and their leadership changed when the EFCC beamed their search light on them†¦.† (55). Basically, during the regime of Nuhu Ribadu, no agency or the government itself (including the president) were left unchecked; practically all the sectors were involved in corruption. A lot of governors, ministers and permanent sectaries were penalised and fired from their post of power. In my knowledge of corruption in Nigeria, it has affected many aspects of the country; this is such as contributing to the Niger Delta crisis. This is in such a way that if only the government had agreed to co-operate and give the owners of the land their share of wealth, the situation won’t have been as bad as it is today. Another is in the educational sector where students bribe exam invigilators so they can get answers to their exams. Suprisely enough some parents do actually provide money to the children so they can get the answer, i.e. all of this happens with the parent’s consent. In the employment sector, many people end up unemployed because of their sex, tribe or religion. Senior officials only give space to people of the same tribe as them or their relations. Finally, Corruption is the major problem Nigeria is try very hard to destroy. The only solution to overcoming corruption in Nigeria is, for the country to get a leader that puts his/her people’s need before theirs. Nigeria’s bad name in terms of its corruption will not change unless more organizations such as EFCC are formed to help do away with the current suffering. Problems such as poverty and economic crisis will continue to pin down the country if no serious action is taken on corruption. The rate of Corruption in Nigeria is still increasing; this has affected the young ones who wish to see their selves as â€Å"somebody† in the Government in future. Most of them want to be there because of what they have heard, not because they want to help improve the Nigerian Government; these are things like easy embezzlement without getting caught. The thought has been put in their heads by our elders or leaders that it is â€Å"ok† to steal from the government. The only possible change way of change is for the country to get a trust worthy, God fearing and caring leaders. Research Papers on Corruption In NigeriaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaQuebec and CanadaThe Effects of Illegal Immigration19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBringing Democracy to AfricaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andDefinition of Export QuotasAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice

How to Overcome College Student Homesickness

How to Overcome College Student Homesickness Being homesick in college is more common than most students want to admit. With these 5 tips, however, dealing with it can be a little easier. Call home. This may sound like common sense, but it can really help. The key factor, however, is not to call home all of the time. Dont call more than once a day, and keep the conversation positive. But if you miss your friends, family, boyfriend, or girlfriend, giving them a call can sometimes help ease the heartache. Go visit home once. Visiting home can be a great way to recharge yourself and get some of that TLC (not to mention home cooking) that you need. But going home too often can frequently make homesickness worse. Let yourself go home when you need it, but make sure it doesnt turn into an every-weekend occurrence. Go out with your college friends. Sometimes, a night out with your college friends can do wonders for homesickness. It can take your mind off of things back home, can help you relax and have a good time, and can reinforce relationships that will make your school feel like home sometime soon. Call a friend from back home. Chances are that your group of friends sp read out as each of you went to different colleges. And chances are that your group of friends is missing each other. Give a friend from home a call and catch up for a little while. It may do wonders for your homesickness to just touch base for a quick phone call. Get out of your room. Its incredibly easy to hide in your room in college. But doing so prevents you from meeting new people, trying new things, and experiencing college life in general. You didnt go to school to hide in your room, right? Make sure to spend large chunks of your time out of your room even if its just at a campus coffee shop, the quad, or the library and get your mind on other things. You never know what might happen, but you do know that it wont happen if youre alone in your room all the time.

Weiyi Zhang a Misshaped Block Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Weiyi Zhang a Misshaped Block - Article Example Trade occupation nominees must then be reflective of the labor needs in a long-term assessment of the market needs for GSM applicants. The current MODL will be canceled and reinstated with newer specifically skills-focused requirements as stipulated in the list. This exempts those who are skilled graduates under subclass 485 or with pending GSM visa applications. The new Skilled Occupation List (SOL) also spares those who at February 8 are diploma holders with the visa of Vocational Education and Training under subclass 572, Higher Education under subclass 573 and Postgraduate Research under subclass 574. But students s with visa will need to have already acquired an occupation to be qualified for a permanent visa under the GSM program. â€Å"I was hoping to be a journalist,† Zhang says. He will be gravely affected by these changes. Scheduled to graduate in July with a degree in accounting, this new development means that he gave up his dream for nothing. What is most likely to happen is that Zhang will go back to his country with nothing. No permanent Australian resident visa and a diploma for a course that was not exactly his immediate choosing. His hopes and dreams of a better future diminished after years of grueling academic pressures. Giving up his dream of a media-related career for nothing. The education industry of the country holds the third biggest foreign exchange source. These alterations to migration guidelines are seen as causing a major impact in the education sector. These students spent thousands for an Australian education in their belief of securing permanent residency status in a stable and progressive country. Not to mention the years that they have dedicated to finish their tertiary education. Living in a foreign land is not easy, even more so if you have to study in it.

Analysis of Nicene Creed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analysis of Nicene Creed - Essay Example The essay "Analysis of Nicene Creed" discusses the most widely accepted doctrine because of the use of its belief statements in Christian faith and liturgy. The Nicene Creed is majorly about the Trinity. It also highlights the historical realities as concerns the life and times of Jesus Christ. Its ideas are derived and found in scriptures and manifested in the New Testament. Others have remarked that â€Å"The Nicene Creed, and that which is commonly called the Apostle's Creed, ought thoroughly to be received and believed: for they may be proved by most certain warrants of Holy Scripture." There are twelve articles included in the Nicene Creed, which defines the most important doctrines of our faith. 1. We believe in one God. This shows that as Christians, Jews or Muslims there is an overrunning belief that a Super Natural power God exists. The creed highlights an act of unity through belief. It is both my confession as well as our confession. 2. God the Father. God almighty is called â€Å"Father† in the scriptures by Jesus. This shows loving and omnipresence within His creation. God the Father also comes as the first person in the Holy Trinity – God Head. â€Å"Father† is the origin and spring of life in the Holy Trinity for He is the source of all things. God the Father is also referred to as â€Å"God unbegotten† in early Christian thought. 3. The maker of heaven and earth, of all that, is seen and unseen. This implies the feeling that God created all visible and invisible elements in the universe.

Reducing Communication and Processing Overhead

Reducing Communication and Processing Overhead RACE: Reducing Communication And Processing Overhead And Ensuring Security Milu Sayed Liyamol Aliyar Abstract— RACE, Report based payment scheme for multi-hop wireless network. Race is a secure incentive protocol which used for the multi-hop wireless network, helps packet transmission and enforce fairness. The protocol uses the concept of evidences and the regularity of the nodes. The trusted party evaluates the nodes competence and reliability. The payment method recompenses nodes that impart packets and toll the send incentives and are present in the reports. It submits the light weight payment reports to trusted party for update the credit incentives. AC(accounting center) verifies the regularity of the reports. For fair reports it has less processing overhead and for cheating reports it find the cheating nodes and evicts it. RACE finds the cheating nodes by requesting evidences.For reducing the overhead, the evidence aggregation technique is used. The evaluation of performance and analysis of security demonstrates it has less overhead and less payment clearance delay. Extensive evaluation of RACE provides that it’s robust against the unauthorized access. Extensive study for restraining fraudulent is in progress. Keywords—Incentive, payment, RACE, Accounting center Introduction (Heading 1) INTRODUCTION Now-a-days the multi-hop wireless n/w application is tremendously increased. The more technology advances the more vastness of the subject increases. Multi-hop wireless n/w there are number of hop exits from origin to destination. To reduce the flooding attacks. The nodes in cooperates in imparting information from one node to another. The nodes can be malicious or selfish. In multi-hop wireless networks (MWNs), the traffic originated from a node is usually relayed through the other nodes to the destination for enabling new applications and enhancing the network performance and deployment. MWNs can be deployed readily at low cost in developing and rural areas. Multi-hop packet relay can extend the network coverage using limited transmit power, improve area spectral efficiency, and enhance the network throughput and capacity. MWNs can also implement many useful applications such as data sharing and multimedia data transmission. For example, users in one area (residential neighborhood, university campus, etc.) having different wireless- enabled devices, e.g., PDAs, laptops, tablets, cell phones, etc., can establish a network to communicate, distribute files, and share information.[1] Now-a-days the interest in multi-hop wireless networks is increasing MWNs and can be deployed readily at low cost in developing and rural areas. Multi-hop packet relay can extend the network coverage using limited transmit power, improve area spectral efficiency, and enhance the network throughput and capacity. A good payment scheme should be secure, and require low overhead. However, the existing receipt-based payment schemes impose significant processing and communication overhead and implementation complexity. The incentive schemes can be divides into two and are reputation and credit based system. Reputation based scheme Reputation schemes mainly depend on sending information from one node to the neighboring nodes and keep a track of these nodes so that can eventually helps to find the node which is corrupted or malicious. In reputation based the selfish nodes are punished. Credit based scheme Here a node relying the packets from one to other is service. In this unlike reputed scheme, the nodes are not punished when they do not cooperate. It prompts nodes to collaborate with the other nodes for transaction Multi-hop Wireless Networks Mainly develop a suite of efficient security mechanisms and protocols for mobile ad-hoc and multi-hop cellular networks. Specifically, we focus on thwarting packet-dropping and selfishness attacks, privacy preserving for user , and creating more determined routes to reduce the breaking of the routes , thus boosting the network performance in terms of end -to- end packet delay, packet delivery ratio, throughput, etc.[10] Efficient and Secure Credit-Based Incentive Mechanism We develop a fair efficient secure credit-based incentive mechanism that uses credits (or micropayment) to charge the nodes that impart the packets, and to toll those relaying packets. In this network origin to destination transfer of the node is shown. Here from origin to destination the node forms a path and the form a hop .Thus for moving from origin to destination there creates a number of hops .for multi-hop network there are number of hops from origin to destination. cellular networks. Specifically, we focus on thwarting packet-dropping and selfishness attacks, privacy preserving for user , and creating more determined routes to reduce the breaking of the routes , thus boosting the network performance in terms of end -to- end packet delay, packet delivery ratio, throughput, etc. We develop a fair efficient secure credit-based incentive mechanism that uses credits (or micropayment) to charge the nodes that impart the packets, and to toll those relaying packets. In this network origin to destination transfer of the node is shown. Here from origin to destination the node forms a path and the form a hop .Thus for moving from origin to destination there creates a number of hops .for multi-hop network there are number of hops from origin to destination. MICROPAYMENT Micropayment is a online and e commerce payment for transferring money from one system to one another node .A micropayment is a incentive transaction involving sum of money and usually one that occurs online. PayPal defines a micropayment as a transaction of less than 12 USD Applications Mesh networks may involve either fixed or mobile devices. The solutions are as diverse as communication needs, for example in difficult environments such as emergency situations, tunnels, oil rigs, battlefield surveillance, high speed mobile video applications on board public transport or real time racing car telemetry. An important possible application for wireless mesh networks is VoIP. By using a Quality of Service scheme, the wireless mesh may support local telephone calls to be routed through the mesh. Some current applications: U.S. military forces are now using wireless mesh networking to connect their computers, mainly ruggedized laptops, in field operations. Electric meters now being deployed on residences transfer their readings from one to another and eventually to the central office for billing without the need for human meter readers or the need to connect the meters with cables. The laptops in the One Laptop per Child program use wireless mesh networking to enable students to exchange files and get on the Internet even though they lack wired or cell phone or other physical connections in their area. The 66-satellite Iridium constellation operates as a mesh network, with wireless links between adjacent satellites. Calls between two satellite phones are routed through the mesh, from one satellite to another across the constellation, without having to go through an earth station. This makes for a smaller travel distance for the signal, reducing latency, and also allows for the constellation to operate with far fewer earth stations that would be required for 66 traditional communications satellite II SYSTEM DESIGN Contribution: is the first to verify the payment by investigating the consistency of the nodes’ reports without: Systematically relenting Processing security tokens imprecise allegation Proposed System Security was emphasized both for merchants and customers. Server has end to end transaction. It does not handle with public key only with the private key and message digest. Mutual authentication between users is for security purposes. Valid signature gives a recipient reason to believe that the message was created by non sender. Message digest the representation of the text in the form of single string of digit created using a formula. The comparison factors between the other existing system are symmetric key ,falcified data, duplicated data Race mechanism In the scheme it supports the concepts of reports and evidences. In the reports its of format R={R,F,X} where it gives sessions ids and flag bits and the number of packets sent through the medium. The evidences include E={R, X, Ts, H (MX), h (0), h(X), H (SigS(R, X, Ts,H(MX)), SigD(R, Ts, h(0)))}In race mechanism the portable node will send the the data to the other [10].Each node keeps information about the details of it with it temporarily. When the trusted party asks for the evidences the nodes will sent the evidences. The different phases of the architecture do different duties such as classifier classify the nodes with fair and cheating reports .the cheating reports testified and evicted from the node base on different rules. The evicted nodes are evicted from the network. While cheating occurs the trusted party asks for the evidences and the node will submit the evidences and these evidences are verified .if verified evidences are falcified data the node cannot be able sent the data to the data. III IMPLEMENTATION In the proposed system the system consists of different phases such as Communication phase Classifier phase Identifying cheaters phase Credit update In communication phase it divides into different modules such as rout establishment, data transmission evidence composition, payment report composition/submission Communication phase Communication phase is divides into different sections as shown in below. In this phase communication from one phase to other takes place. In this it temporarily stores the evidences and the reports in this phase. In communication phase it end to end communication. It uses DSR algorithm to transfer the information from one to another. It first sends the route request message (RREQ) and then its session ID’s such as origin and destination. It then send the route reply message send from the destination node. Here it contains the TTL value where TTL is the maximum number of intermediate nodes in the network. When we sent the data from one node to the intermediate node then the TTL value gets decreased. Here a hash chain root is created to send the information from origin to destination. The hash chain authenticated with the signature helps to route the data. Here the evidences are present where the evidences are unmodifiable and undeniable. Network Model Route establishment Data transmission Evidence composition Payment report composition Network Model Route establishment: The mobile nodes are probable assailant but the TP is fully solid. The mobile nodes are autonomous and self-interested and thus motivated to misbehave. The TP is run by an operator that is prompt to make certain the network proper operation. In order to establish an end-to-end route, the origin node broadcasts the Route Request(RREQ) packet containing the identities of the origin (IDS) and the destination (IDD) nodes, time stamp (Ts), and Time-To-Live (TTL). The destination node devises the Route Reply (RREP) packet for the nodes beam the first received RREQ packet, and sends the packet back to the origin node. Data transmission: The origin node sends data packets to the destination node through the established route and the destination node replies with ACK packets. For the Xth data packet, the origin node appends the message MX and its signature to R, X, Ts, and the hash value of the message and sends the packet to the first node in the route. The security tokens of the Xth data and ACK packets are illustrated. The origin node’s signature is an undeniable proof for relying X messages and ensures the message’s authenticity and rectitude. Evidence composition: Evidence is defined as information that is used to establish proof about the eventuality of an event or action, the time of eventuality, the parties involved in the incident, and the outcome of the incident. The impetus of Evidence is to resolve a dispute about the amount of the payment resulted from data transmission. Payment report composition/submission: A payment report is updated by the Trusted Party. After the Trusted Party verification any transaction is updated. By using the Certificate, Public Key, Symmetric Key, the transaction is approved. If the transaction is faulty or fraud, then the Trusted Party verifies it and the transaction is cancelled. The transaction amount will not be updated in the receiver account. Classifier In classifier the nodes consistency is determined. The fair reports and the cheating reports are investigated. Here in cheating reports it will steal the credits . The fair reports are rather complete or broken sessions. Identifying cheaters : In this phase the cheaters are identified using some rules. Our main objective of secured payment is identifying the ones who steals the credit and one who pays less. So for this the TP determines the evidences and the evidences are verified. The evidences consists PROOF where by investigating the proof we can find the cheaters. PROOF is composed by the onion hashing technique. Cheating nodes are evicted from the network. Update credits In this phase credits are updated to the account. The fair reports update in the account. Hera the public/private key pair is use for the communication and the symmetric key is used for the submission of the fair reports. After identifying the duplicated and falcified data from the network they are evicted from the network. Here when first cheating action occurs the cheating node is investigated . In my area of research the identified node is evicted from the network so that they to register again to the trusted party as well as each node is provided with trusted value ie, the node with high trust value helps to transfer the data such as the path in which the data passed is of high trust value it considered as valid path IV CONCLUSION It is of 24 bytes length. Small size reports (≈ 24 bytes).Fair reports are clear with almost no cryptographic operations or processing overhead. It reduce communication and processing overheads significantly. It effective implementation due to little storage required. In this secure values are given t each nodes is considered as future work V REFERENCES [1] Mahmoud And Shen: A Secure Payment Scheme With Low Communication And Processing Overhead For Multihop wireless networks., IEEE Transactions On Parallel And Distributed Systems, Vol. 24,No. 2, pp. 209-224, February 2013. [2] G. Shen, J. Liu, D. Wang, J. Wang, and S. Jin, â€Å"Multi-Hop Relay for Next-Generation Wireless Access Networks,† Bell Labs Technical J., vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 175-193, 2009. [3] C. Chou, D. Wei, C. Kuo, and K. Naik, â€Å"An Efficient Anonymous Communication Protocol for Peer-to-Peer Applications Over Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks,† IEEE J. Selected Areas in Comm., vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 192-203, Jan. 2007. [4] H. Gharavi, â€Å"Multichannel Mobile Ad Hoc Links for Multimedia Communications,† Proc. IEEE, vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 77-96, Jan. 2008. [5] S. Marti, T. Giuli, K. Lai, and M. Baker, â€Å"Mitigating Routing Misbehavior in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks,† Proc. MobiCom à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸00, pp. 255-265, Aug. 2000. [6] G. Marias, P. Georgiadis, D. Flitzanis, and K. Mandalas, â€Å"Cooperation Enforcement Schemes for MANETs: A Survey,† Wileyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s J. Wireless Comm. and Mobile Computing, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 319-332, 2006. [7] Y. Zhang and Y. Fang, â€Å"A Secure Authentication and Billing Architecture for Wireless Mesh Networks,† ACM Wireless Networks, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 663-678, Oct. 2007. [8] L. Buttyan and J. Hubaux, â€Å"Stimulating Cooperation in Self-Organizing Mobile Ad Hoc Networks,† Mobile Networks and Applications, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 579-592, Oct. 2004. [9] Y. Zhang, W. Lou, and Y. Fang, â€Å"A Secure Incentive Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks,† ACM Wireless Networks, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 569-582, Oct. 2007. [10] P.Visalakshi1, R. Dineshbabu2 and K. Vijayalakshmi3 1,2SRM University, MCA Department, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, India 3St. Peter’s University, Department of Computer Science Engineering, Avadi, Chennai, India

The Values of Skepticism

The values of skepticism The attitude of skepticism isn’t about not believing; it’s about suspending judgment until a claim can be verified with evidence and explanation. In most cases people tend to be easily tricked in believing what the majority of people believe in, just because of that simple fact. As intellectual individuals, humans have the ability to distinguish what seems to be good, and what seems to be not good and inconvenient simply by means of sight, taste, smell, touch but assumptions without out any sort of support only leads people to become ignorant, confused, and perhaps end up hurting oneself or other people emotionally.Practicing skepticism is crucial to protecting oneself from believing unsubstantiated claims, it also allows people to discover the truth about their assumptions, and become more knowledgeable by using their own reasoning. Therefore individuals should adopt a more skeptical outlook to their everyday lives. A reason for there to be ide as efficiently transmitted to people, is that they are presented in a finished form. However, ideas are plentiful and human brain can only deal with a small number of them, and individuals usually tend to show a practical interest in adopting only the best idea.Sometimes people choose ideas based on their cultural beliefs such as respect to an authority figure, tradition, religion, commonsense, spirituality, prejudices, etc. The virtue of skepticism attempts to apply rationality to thoroughly get to the bottom of ideas with the great intention to seek for reliable knowledge. While thinking about the prompt of this essay I realized that people do this everyday, sometimes people question authority and ideas presented by other individuals. How do we know when it is appropriate to do so?Main leading thinkers and philosophers of the Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution were highly sophisticated skeptics, and whether it was provoked by their own curiosity or their own knowledge the y continued to doubt the way natural things in life were explained by clergy individuals. Think about it for a second and it makes sense. Perhaps authority figures may not always be correct, and therefore it is very significant to doubt or have a critical attitude against authority.If philosophers like Copernicus never hypothesized that our planet earth is not the center of the universe, then we would most likely still be living with geocentric point of views. It is never a good suggestion to accept some ideas without questioning them before, but unfortunately we do this everyday. For example, at school during class, students usually take the professor’s word as they educate them, and for all they know all this information that was once given is completely false.Not many of the students actually take the time to do their own research and try to seek for the truth. In our society we have come to trust what other people tell us, it would be a better idea to have our own opinion and not always trust what our ears hear. One of the many important arguments regarding skepticism is that a certain individual will doubt ideas until the very end of the argument and eventually come up to the closest to true knowledge.Whatever the idea of the subject may be or whomever the person asked may be, questions are always necessary, essential and only if they are the right questions, the response will always be the correct one. What this basically means is that the pursuit to ask questions and obtain answers is the starting point of true skepticism. When a certain person believes on something without questioning its authenticity, it leaves their mind completely open to believing all kinds of different unsubstantiated claims, from foretelling to forwarded e-mails sent by anonymous people.This means that people are literally being led by misinformation, which supports Carl Sagan’s point in The Dragon in my Garage â€Å"Claims that cannot be tested, assertions immune to disproof are veridically worthless. † (pg. 171) As an example to illustrate this problem of unjustified beliefs, I would like to introduce this fictional scenario. Imagine that a person receives a forwarded Email from his friend, and it claims that the President of the United States is an unpatriotic, foreign-born Muslim, socialist person who desires the terrorists to win, and consequently of this he or she must immediately be impeached.In the off likelihood that someone happens to take this hypothetical false e-mail to heart, this certain individual will begin to base their political decisions on this extremely false belief. This person could attempt to vote the person out from the office, perhaps create a campaign for impeachment, or even try to persuade others to not vote for this person as a presidential candidate. It is certainly not wrong at all to commit these political activities, but the explanation behind doing so, are absolutely wrong. They are not proven in real ity.Occasionally when people are confronted with unethical claims such as the forwarded e-mail, they would rather investigate it thoroughly before taking it on faith. After all, the resource of this information is a forwarded e-mail, which could have been initiated by anyone. To begin with, are any of those reasons even good enough to impeach the president? Well, not being a U. S. citizen and being a terrorist supporter may be great reasons to impeach someone, but for being a Muslim or a socialist individual is definitely not a good reason.As a result, it is very comprehensible that the significance of each claim differs from the others, and like Carl Sagan said if people don’t exercise some minimal skepticism â€Å"If you have an absolutely untrammeled credulity, there is probably some price you will have to pay later. † (pg. 8). Of course this may be a very tremendous illustration, but it satisfies the point. Skepticism is a good way to introduce a person to new thin gs and it is one of the best methods of acquiring knowledge, as people are always certain of the things they know.It is distinguished that raising questions for the sake of it will not be considered profound skepticism, since the need to raise questions is supposed to bring out the total truth behind anything, but when it comes to new unproven claims, why not be the first one to examine it? First consider if the claim leads to the conclusion, then investigate it, and gather informative credible sources. Then consider the information and make a hypothesis based on the evidence. Chances are, if the justification is supported by continuous evidence it is a good theory.

Lewis Carrolls Through the Looking Glass Essay - 3377 Words

Lewis Carrolls Through the Looking Glass â€Å"If it was so, it might be; and if it were so, it would be; but as it isn’t, it ain’t. That’s logic,† according to Tweedledee, a character in Lewis Carroll’s famous children’s work Through the Looking Glass (Complete Works 181). Of course, Lewis Carroll is most well known for that particular book, and maybe even more so for the first Alice book, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. The connection between Lewis Carroll and logic is less obvious for most people. In reality, Lewis Carroll is the nom de guerre for the Reverend Charles L. Dodgson, a â€Å"puttering, fussy, fastidious, didactic bachelor, who was almost painfully humorless in his relations with the grown-up world around†¦show more content†¦His hope that it might â€Å"be of real service to the young, and be taken up, in High Schools and in private families, as a valuable addition to their stock of healthful mental recreations† was reflected throug h his incorporation of such logic games and problems in all of his children’s books (qtd Braithwaite 174). His love of chess and card games is apparent in his Alice books; each contains characters that are portrayed by cards or pieces in a chess game. The two books, especially Through the Looking Glass, are rich in mathematical humor. In the latter, Alice takes a journey into the reversed world behind the Looking-Glass, allowing Dodgson to introduce not only reversals of space, but reversals of time as well—this world is abundant in left and right symmetries. The Tweedle brothers, who are mirror images of each other, exemplify these symmetries (Gardner, Universe 3). In addition, the White Queen’s memory works both forward and backward in time—she can feel pain even before the sharp point of a pin touches her finger (3). There is also an example of a somewhat recursive sequence of events. The reader can easily lose himself or herself in what Gardene r calls â€Å"endless labyrinths.† While sleeping, the Red King dreams about Alice, who is also napping and dreaming about the Red King. In both of these dreams, â€Å"each dreams of the other, forming a pair of infinite regresses† (3). In SylvieShow MoreRelatedLewis Carroll: A Brief Biography785 Words   |  3 PagesLewis Carroll Lewis Carroll was born on January 27, 1832 in Daresbury, England. His real name is Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, but is known by his pseudonym Lewis Carroll. His mother was Frances Jane Lutwidge and Father was Charles Dodgson and he had a grandfather named Charles Dodgson who was an Army Captain. Lewis Carroll’s father was the Bishop of Elphin. He was the eldest son and third child in a family of seven girls and four boys. In 1846 his education began at a rugby school in Warwickshire,Read More Differences Between Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass1301 Words   |  6 Pages At the mention of the name Alice, one tends to usually think of the children’s stories by Lewis Carroll. Namely, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass are two classic works of children’s literature that for over a century have been read by children and adults alike. These two stories tell the tale of a young girl named Alice who f inds herself in peculiar surroundings, where she encounters many different and unusual characters. 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The New Deal A Deal For Economic Recovery - 1262 Words

The New Deal: A Deal for Economic Recovery? Was the New Deal truly a deal for economic recovery? Or was it useless in regards to the revival of American wealth? In order to answer such questions, one must first understand what the New Deal was. The New Deal was a series of laws, launched by the American government under President Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s administration. It was a response to the Great Depression, a crippling economic downturn on the scales of which the United States had never before experienced. During the early 1920s, businesses were expanding, production was increasing, and values in the stock market had been rising quickly. However, by the late 1920s, unemployment had begun to rise and production began to slow as Americans, through the practice of buying products on credit, exceeded their buying capacity. Indebted people began to stop buying. As businesses declined, stocks were being sold for values higher than their true worth. Due to speculation and th e buying of stocks on loan, much of the money that was supposedly circulating in the stock market was nonexistent. In 1929, the stock market finally crashed, and with it the economy (Bragden, McCutchen, and Ritchie 792-794). The New Deal was brought forth by the government as an effort to repair the economy, but it was ineffectual in regards to its purpose and impractical, as evidenced by the insignificant improvement in standards of living during the New Deal years, as well as the financial burden itShow MoreRelatedFranklin D Roosevelt And The New Deal Program For Economic Relief, Recovery And Reform1193 Words   |  5 Pagesthe solidly democratic region to a solidly republican region. In the 1930’s Franklin D Roosevelt created the New Deal program for economic relief, recovery and reform. It expanded the role of the federal government to provide economic assistance for all (class notes). White southerners did not like this. They did not want the government’s hands in their finances and they felt the New Deal did just that (Boles, 2004p.567). Franklin D Roosevelt died in office in 1945 and Vice President Democrat HarryRead MoreThe New Deal : The United States And The American People1190 Words   |  5 PagesThe New Deal The 1930’s was a decade filled with economic crisis, a loss of prosperity and crucial challenges that have called for problematic times in American history. The Great Depression, which started in 1929 and ended in the early 1940’s, was a relentless global economic collapse that had numerous catastrophic effects on American society. Throughout the course of American history, many distinct presidents have made significant decisions regarding the progression of the United States and theRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Roaring Twenties1475 Words   |  6 PagesRoosevelt created the New Deal, a series of government programs and laws intended to fix the economic issues plaguing America. This plan consisted of what is known as the three ‘R’s, that is relief, recovery and reform. Relief was the effort to help one-third of the people out of world in the country. Recovery was the effort to restore business and the economy as a whole. Lastly, reform was the effort to let government intervene in order to stabilize the economy. The programs of the New Deal, which startedRead MoreWas the New Deal Succesful Essay582 Words   |  3 Pageskeeping together is progress; working together is success†. The new deal depended on the whole nation working together to strive for relief, recovery, and reform. Whether or not the new deal was a success depends on what one believes the new deal was designed to achieve. To me, the new deal was implemented to aid in restoration of the economy of the United States, not to simply fix the economy. The new deal greatly repaired the economic condition of the United States caused by the great depressionRead MoreThe New Deal : A Success At Tackling The American Economic And Social Problems During The 1930 S1226 Words   |  5 Pages1939, America was set with new government programs established by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Within Roosevelt’s first Hundred Days, he established a plan that would bring Am erica out of crisis. This program was called, The New Deal, and had three goals: relief, recovery, and reform. This goals, the 3 R’s were short-ran goals for relief and immediate recovery, as well as, long-term goals for permanent recovery and reform. Ultimately, the main goal of the New Deal was to bring America out ofRead MoreThe National Industrial Recovery Act1061 Words   |  5 PagesNational Industrial Recovery Act. Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History. Ed. Thomas Carson and Mary Bonk. Detroit: Gale, 1999. Student Resources in Context. Web. 16 Mar. 2016. Gale Encyclopedia of U.S Economic History over the past 17 years has been covering the story of the National Industrial Recovery Act. The Book National Industrial Recovery Act talks about President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s initial New Deal Programs, National Industrial Recovery Act was the centerpiece of his programsRead MoreThe Great Depression Of America1727 Words   |  7 Pagesended the Great Depression and triggered the economic recovery of the United States. Many historians believe that the government and military spending restimulated the economy, and the employment needed as a result of the war meant the economic recovery of the United States was a result of WWII. However, throughout history, people have learnt that correlation isn’t enough to argue causation and generally one event rarely triggers such a major economic recovery. This suggests other factors also playedRead MoreHow did the New Deal Assist Recovery from the Great Depression?1638 Words   |  7 P ageswhat extent did the New deal programs and progressive reform help the United States economy recover from the world wide Great Depression ? Thesis: The New deals legislation has played a very integral part in helping recovery effort during the great depression because it led to a greater employment, and restored the security in the American economy. Although not perfect, the new deal success ultimately set the precedent for future progressive reform during times of economic depression and recessionRead MoreThe Worst Economic Depression Ever Felt Theu.s. Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesThe worst economic depression ever felt in U.S. history was not only felt in north America, but this also became a worldwide economic slump. The Great Depression caused by many factors raised a question of how will the we take a step into recovery. The Election of president Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932 was the beginning of the shaping of the U.S. government interaction with American citizens. Roosevelts campaign helped him win the election of 1932 with his laudable ideas of how to combat the effectsRead More The Great Depression and Fran klin D. Roosevelts New Deal Essay858 Words   |  4 PagesThe Great Depression and Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal During the 1930s, America witnessed a breakdown of the Democratic and free enterprise system as the US fell into the worst depression in history. The economic depression that beset the United States and other countries was unique in its severity and its consequences. At the depth of the depression, in 1933, one American worker in every four was out of a job. The great industrial slump continued throughout the 1930s, shaking the